Michael Omi And Howard Winant Define And Break Down The...

In the world of sociology, the theory of racialization is a widely known and occasionally frustrating topic. However, two sociologists have successfully been able to define and break down the essential information behind this theory. Within their own writing, Michael Omi and Howard Winant (1986) define racial formation as,† the process by which social, economic, and political forces determine the content and importance of racial categories† (Omi and Winant 16). In essence, this theory frames the very meaning of â€Å"race† itself. The stereotypes of race are rooted deep within the contexts of history, allowing these concepts to be subject to gradual change over time. In addition to the original standards of racial formations, there have been other writings that parallel very closely to the ideas set forth by Omi and Winant. Richard Wright, Pem D. Buck, and Karen Brodkin are three notable authors that have excellently highlighted the concepts set forth by Omi and Wi nant. Beginning with the findings from Buck’s Constructing Race, Creating White Privilege, there are multiple, brilliant examples of racial mixing and establishing â€Å"whiteness,† both being main points discussed in Omi and Winant’s racialization theory. Buck establishes that ideas about race weren’t truly established until the late 1700s, and how physical differences were seldom ever noticed beforehand. This is illustrated with stories of different individuals living together with little conflict. Buck uses the

Social Studies Free Essays

Social Studies Free Essays Social studies is defined by the Board of Director of the National Council for the social studies as, the integrated study of the social sciences and humanities to promote civic competence. Within the school program, social studies provides coordinated, systematic study drawing upon such disciplines as anthropology, archeology, economics, geography, history, law, philosophy, political science, psychology, religion, and sociology, as well as appropriate content from the humanities, mathematics, and neutral sciences. The primary purpose of social studies is to help young people develop the ability to make informed and reasoned decisions for the public good as citizens of a culturally diverse, democratic society in an interdependent world. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Studies or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are two main characteristics of social studies as a field of study. First is social studies promoting civic competence, the knowledge, skill, and attitudes of a student needed to assume â€Å"the office of citizen† in our democratic republic. The National Council for the Social Studies considers civic competence as a main goal for social studies. The NCSS says, students who learn these skills in social studies will help shape the future of a democratic society. The second characteristic of social studies is the social studies program, K-12, integrates knowledge, skills, and attitudes within and across disciplines. A third characteristic is one in which social studies programs help students construct a knowledge base and attitudes drawn from academic disciplines as specialized ways of viewing reality. This can be achieved with courses such as, history, geography, political science, sociology, and language arts, English and fine arts. Examples from each help students experience concepts reflectively and actively, through reading, thinking, discussing and writing. The fourth characteristic of the social studies program is the demonstration of the changing nature of knowledge, fostering entirely new and highly integrated approaches to resolving issues of significance to humanity. The social studies program should help students gain knowledge of how to know, how to apply what they know, and how to participate in building a future. A well designed social studies curriculum will help each student achieve a blend of personal academic, pluralist, and global views of the human condition with a personal perspective, academic perspective, pluralist perspective, and global perspective. A personal perspective will help to explore events and recurring issues, consider implication for self, family, and the while nation and world community. Students should be able to make choices for themselves and others. Students should learn how to construct an academic perspective through study and application of social studies learning experiences. Based on diversity, social studies students should construct a pluralist perspective. A global perspective includes knowledge, skills, and commitments needed to live wisely in a world that possesses limited resources. It involves viewing the world and the people with understanding and concern. A social studies student will be able to connect knowledge, skills, and values to civic action as they engage in social inquiry. Knowledge is constructed by learners as thy attempt to fit new information, experiences, feeling, and relationships. In social studies educators draw from a number of disciplines to construct circular experiences enabling students to actively relate new knowledge to their existing understanding. For students to be better thinkers and better decision makers, they must have contact with those accustomed to thinking with precision, refinement, and clarity. They should be encouraged to be critical. Skills promoted in an excellent social studies program includes, acquiring information and manipulation data, developing and presenting polices, arguments and stories, constructing new knowledge, and participating in groups. The social studies curriculum focused on how values are formed and how they influence human behavior rather than on building commitment to specific values. The emphasis is placed upon helping students weigh priorities in situations in which a conflict exists between or among values. With each position students will be able to improve the ways in which they deal with persistent issues and dilemmas and participate with others in making decisions about them. Students who pose knowledge, skill, and values are prepared to take appropriate civic action as individuals or as members of groups devoted to civic improvements. The principles of teaching and learning document which must undergird all social studies programs include, social studies teaching and learning are powerful when they are meaningful, social studies teaching and learning are powerful when they are integrated, social studies teaching and learning are powerful when they are value based, they are powerful when they are challenging and they are powerful when they are active. The document also states additional requirements to support an excellent social studies program which lie beyond the control of the individual teacher. The purpose of the social studies standard is to serve as a frame work for K-12 social studies program, to serve as a guide for curriculum decision, and to provide examples of classroom practice to guide teachers in designing instruction to help students meet performance expectations. They provide criteria for making decisions as curriculum planners and teachers address issues, and how to access whether students and apply what they have learned. The social studies standards are presented as a set of ten thematically based curriculum standards, corresponding sets of performance expectations and illustrations of exemplary teaching and learning to foster students achievements of the standards at each school level. The ten standards for the social studies curriculums at every school level are, One culture; two time, continuity, and change; three people, places, and environments; four individual development and identities; fume individuals, gourd, and institutions; six power, authority, and governance; seven production, distribution, and consumption; eight science, technology, and society; nine global connections; and ten civic ideals and practices. The NCSS House of Delegates voted in November 1992 to approve the final version of the definition of social studies. NCSS recently issued position statements on curriculum, assessment, teacher education, and professional development. The purposes and goals of social studies are stated in NCSS’s â€Å"Essentials of the Social Studies,† it identifies citizenship education as the primary purpose of K-12 social studies. It states that, effective social studies programs prepare young people to identify, understand, and work to solve problems. Assumptions about social studies as a school subject include social studies as diverse, all students should have access to the full richness of the social studies curriculum, teachers need adequate time and resources to teach social studies well at every grade level, and social studies teachers need to treat the social world realistically and address its controversial aspects. The vision of powerful social studies teaching and learning comes from the goals and purposes of social studies, the assumptions, and the available research and scholarships. Social studies teaching and learning is powerful when they are meaningful, integrative, value based, challenging and active, all of which are equally important. Powerful social studies teaching and learning is likely to become more common when assessment approaches at all levels focus on measuring progress toward social understanding and efficacy goals; teachers benefit and education receives support from administrators, parents, the local community, and government agencies; and the nation successfully meets ceratin currently recognizable challenges. How to cite Social Studies, Essay examples Social Studies Free Essays Nicholson Garden is a community near to the commercial district of Spanish town. The area of Spanish town and surrounding area has been for years overwhelmed by a variety of social issues ranging from overcrowding lack of proper infrastructure to the most prevailing violent crimes, Nicholson Garden is one of the trouble community usually classified by the term ‘’garrison‘’ or ‘’ghetto’’ it is home to about 400 residents. I have also notice that many are unemployed, a significant amount of young people stop going to school early, many hustle to make ends meet, while some just go with whatever wind may blow. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Studies or any similar topic only for you Order Now I have then decided to conduct a survey on the contributing factors and effects of unemployment in the area of Nicholson garden to shed light on the age long predicament of the residents Statement of problem What are the contributing factors and effects of unemployment in the area of Nicholson Garden? Method of Investigation The method of investigation chosen was a survey; printed questionnaires were used to gather data. The questionnaire has many advantages, 3 of these advantages are; It requires a little time to complete. Questions can be asked directly to get a specific answer. It is private, because responders don’t have to put their names. Instrument used to collect data Dear residents; This is a survey being carried out in the area of Nicholson garden, Spanish town to determine the contributing factors and effect of unemployment in Nicholson garden. To use in my school based assessment (S. B. A. ) in the area of Social Studies. You are advised to answer each question honestly. Your identity will be strictly confidential; please do not put your name. Please put a tick ( ) in the box following the question. Where there is a line please write your answer in that area. Thanks for your cooperation. Question 4 Analysis and interpretation of Data According to the results attained, 50% of the respondents were 27-37 yrs, 35% were 49-59 yrs and 15% were 18-26 yrs. The researcher used various age groups in order to see how unemployment affects both young and old. Evidently, unemployment does affect each person in the age groups, factors such as age and disabilities; most jobs nowadays are recruiting from 18-35 years old; this puts older jobs seekers at a disadvantage. Most businesses are not equipped satisfactory to employ disabled persons and also most refuse the disabled job seekers as it is believe it will put a strain on the company’s resources. In the graph, it is clear that businesses are more interested in keeping those workers who have been there long before rather than hiring new persons. While they might be young, the older workers are more experienced and the company saves time and money from not hiring and training new workers. The second chart represents the educational level of the respondents. While jobs might be available most cannot be position in such areas of employment as most residents are not properly educated and /or not certified and /or do not have adequate experience in the working world. The high poverty level in the community, 65% residents are not in school, hence, they are not equipped with the required knowledge and skill to be a part of the work force; while 26% have only secondary educational level and only 9% have tertiary level education. The job market is one that requires competency and experience and with only a few being having that competence make a living. Most persons refuse to take work out of there area for fear of their life as many believe that coming from Nicholson Garden and going to certain area can be life threatening, that is community violence. Most respondents express that the lack of unavailable jobs are the main causes of unemployment, this was the idea of 35% of the respondents, 30% thought lack of qualification causes unemployment, the fact of persons refusing to work was deemed the cause of unemployment with 20% of the respondents ticking the option and 15% found it to be that other factors cause unemployment as well. They believe to work is too hard and the money they would receive for the labour is too little. They have idea of getting rich quick and being well dressed everyday and have large sums of money at hand; these kinds of beliefs are fuelled by the entertainers who most of the young people are inspired by or the taking other illegal routes to getting the funds. Some steal, sell illegal drugs, and go into prostitution and many more. Social Studies School Based Assessment (S. B. A) Analysis and interpretation of Data According to the results attained, 50% of the respondents were 27-37 yrs, 35% were 49-59 yrs and 15% were 18-26 yrs. The researcher used various age groups in order to see how unemployment affects both young and old. Evidently, unemployment does affect each person in the age groups, factors such as age and disabilities; most jobs nowadays are recruiting from 18-35 years old; this puts older jobs seekers at a disadvantage. Most businesses are not equipped satisfactory to employ disabled persons and also most refuse the disabled job seekers as it is believe it will put a strain on the company’s resources. In the graph, it is clear that businesses are more interested in keeping those workers who have been there long before rather than hiring new persons. While they might be young, the older workers are more experienced and the company saves time and money from not hiring and training new workers. The second chart represents the educational level of the respondents. While jobs might be available most cannot be position in such areas of employment as most residents are not properly educated and /or not certified and /or do not have adequate experience in the working world. The high poverty level in the community, 65% residents are not in school, hence, they are not equipped with the required knowledge and skill to be a part of the work force; while 26% have only secondary educational level and only 9% have tertiary level education. The job market is one that requires competency and experience and with only a few being having that competence and skill in the community, then it leaves majority of the community being unemployed. The third chart shows skilled persons (15%) and those who are unskilled (85%). The unskilled persons declared that they were neither out of school or obtained a secondary education but not trained in any specific area. The 15% skilled persons consist of persons who obtained the Most respondents express that the.. Bibliography Modules in Social Studies with SBA guide and CXC questions 4th Edition, Ramsawak, Rampersad and Ralph R. Umraw Acknowledgment I would to thank god almighty for giving me the strength and wisdom to complete this project. I also wish to thank my teacher mrs cole for her help and invaluable feedback. How to cite Social Studies, Papers

Definition of a Family free essay sample

Defining a family is difficult because many different people have many different ideas on what a family is and is not, there is no right or wrong answer, its all about others perspectives. Since many people have many views on what a family is, there is no set definition. Vainer institute claims that a family is 2 or more people bound together over time and mutual consent, while in 1949 Morocco defined a family as a couple that is sexually active and have one or more children.Later in 1971, Burgess et al defined a family as a group of persons united by the ties of marriage, blood or adoption and Social Science defined a family as a group of individuals who are related by affection, kinship, dependency or trust. All these different people have had a different idea on what families are, but are any of them wrong? When reading each definition, I only found one similarity, a family is at least two people who are together. We will write a custom essay sample on Definition of a Family or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So is it possible that that has become what a family is? My definition of a family is similar to the definitions given by the Vainer Institute and the Social Science institute. I believe a family is a group of individuals who want o be together and who trust each other and love one another (either as a romance or as a friendship or kinship). I do not believe that one has to be married or has to have children to be considered a family. In todays times Burgess et al, as well as Murderous definition of a family would not match many of the families in our community. Our society is able to view different ways of living to still be called a family, for example today we would call a single mother with two children a family.This is because they care for each other unconditionally, and support each others deeds. Jane Howard once said, Call It a clan, call It a network, call It a tribe, call It a family: Whatever you call It, whoever you are, you need one. I believe this Is true, there is no set definition on a family because each family has flaws and differences that make them the family that they are. Therefore, Jane Is pointing out that no matter what your family looks like, or who they are, the most Important thing Is that you have people to love and care for you, and In the end that Is your true family.